If your eyes are red and gritty after a long day in the sun you probably experienced photokeratitis, or a sunburn of the eye.

When this occurs occasionally it rarely causes permanent damage. However, long-term or chronic exposure to UV radiation increases the chance of cataracts and damage to the retina, the lining of the eye.

Sunglasses are the most effective way to protect your eyes from excessive sunlight, and choosing the right pair is very important. Choose a pair that blocks at least 99% of both UV-A and UV-B rays, and sunglasses that are large and fit close to the face.

If you believe that sunglasses distort your vision, the American Optometric Association suggests lenses that are grey for proper color recognition.

More expensive and darker sunglasses do not always provide better UV protection. Especially if you spend time on the water or playing outdoor sports, you’ll want a pair that is distortion-free and impact resistant. Remember that harmful ultraviolet radiation is reflected off sand, water and even pavement, so sunglasses should be a regular part of your summer outdoor wear. This goes for children too.

Wide brimmed hats also help to keep the sun out of your eyes. Some contact lenses provide UV protection, but not enough to reply on completely.

Certain medications can increase your sensitivity to UV radiation, and even on cloudy or hazy days the sun’s rays can penetrate deeply.